# lsmod
Module                  Size  Used by    Tainted: P  
via82cxxx_audio        18304   1  (autoclean)
uart401                 6560   0  (autoclean) [via82cxxx_audio]
ac97_codec              9504   0  (autoclean) [via82cxxx_audio]
sound                  59052   0  (autoclean) [via82cxxx_audio uart401]
soundcore               4324   4  (autoclean) [via82cxxx_audio sound]
autofs                 10948   0  (autoclean) (unused)
ne2k-pci                5568   1 
8390                    6736   0  [ne2k-pci]
ipchains               37704   0 
ide-scsi                8192   0 
scsi_mod               95848   1  [ide-scsi]
ide-cd                 27360   0  (autoclean)
cdrom                  28480   0  (autoclean) [ide-cd]
usb-uhci               21764   0  (unused)
usbcore                51744   1  [usb-uhci]
ext3                   61568   4 
			

alias char-major-10-30 softdog
			

# insmod /lib/modules/2.5.1/kernel/fs/fat/fat.o
# insmod /lib/modules/2.5.1/kernel/fs/msdos/msdos.o
			

 
# modprobe -a msdos
			

# This file is automatically generated by update-modules

path[misc]=/lib/modules/2.4.?/local
alias eth0 ne2k-pci
alias eth1 ne2k-pci
			

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>

int init_module(void)
{
    printk("<1>Hello World 1.\n");
    return 0;
}

void cleanup_module(void)
{
    printk(KERN_ALERT "Goodbye world 1.\n");
}
			

TARGET  := hello
WARN    := -W -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes
INCLUDE := -isystem /lib/modules/`uname -r`/build/include
CFLAGS  := -O2 -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__ ${WARN} ${INCLUDE}
CC      := gcc
	
${TARGET}.o: ${TARGET}.c

.PHONY: clean

clean:
    rm -rf ${TARGET}.o
			

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>

int hello_init(void)
{
    printk(KERN_ALERT "HELLO, World\n");
    return 0;
}

void hello_exit(void)
{
    printk(KERN_ALERT "bye bye\n");
}

module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);
			

# insmod ./hello.o
Warning: loading ./hello.o will taint the kernel: no license
See http://www.tux.org/lkml/#export-tainted for information about tainted modules
			

# objdump -s hello_li.o 
...
 0000 6b65726e 656c5f76 65727369 6f6e3d32  kernel_version=2
 0010 2e342e32 30006c69 63656e73 653d4750  .4.20.license=GP
 0020 4c000000 00000000 00000000 00000000  L...............
 0030 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000  ................
 0040 61757468 6f723d79 756e6472 65616d20  author=yundream 
 0050 3c79756e 64726561 6d406a6f 696e632e  <yundream@joinc.
 0060 636f2e6b 723e0064 65736372 69707469  co.kr>.descripti
 0070 6f6e3d41 2073696d 706c6520 64726976  on=A simple driv
 0080 65720064 65766963 653d7465 73746465  er.device=testde
 0090 76696365 00                          vice.           
			

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#define DRIVER_AUTHOR "yundream <yundream@joinc.co.kr>"
#define DRIVER_DESC   "A simple driver"

int init_hello_3(void);
void cleanup_hello_3(void);


static int init_hello_4(void)
{
   printk("<2>Hello, world 4\n");
   return 0;
}


static void cleanup_hello_4(void)
{
   printk("<2>Goodbye, world 4\n");
}


module_init(init_hello_4);
module_exit(cleanup_hello_4);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

MODULE_AUTHOR(DRIVER_AUTHOR);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRIVER_DESC);
MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("testdevice");
			

int myint = 3;
char *mystr;

MODULE_PARM (myint, "i");
MODULE_PARM (mystr, "s");
			

int myshortArray[4];
MODULE_PARM(myintArray, "2-4i");
			

# insmod ./hello.o myint=50
			

int myarray[4];

MODULE_PARM(myarray, "2-4");
			

# insmod ./hello.o myarray=1,4,3
			

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("yundream@joinc.co.kr");

static short int myshort = 1;
static int myint = 420;
static long int mylong = 9999;
static char *mystring = "blah";

MODULE_PARM (myshort, "h");
MODULE_PARM (myint, "i");
MODULE_PARM (mylong, "l");
MODULE_PARM (mystring, "s");


static int __init hello_5_init(void)
{
   printk(KERN_ALERT "Hello, world 5\n=============\n");
   printk(KERN_ALERT "myshort is a short integer: %hd\n", myshort);
   printk(KERN_ALERT "myint is an integer: %d\n", myint);
   printk(KERN_ALERT "mylong is a long integer: %ld\n", mylong);
   printk(KERN_ALERT "mystring is a string: %s\n", mystring);
   return 0;
}


static void __exit hello_5_exit(void)
{
   printk(KERN_ALERT "Goodbye, world 5\n");
}


module_init(hello_5_init);
module_exit(hello_5_exit);
			

#include <linux/kernel.h>       /* We're doing kernel work */
#include <linux/module.h>       /* Specifically, a module */

int init_module(void)
{
  printk("Hello, world - this is the kernel speaking\n");
  return 0;
}
			

#if defined(CONFIG_MODVERSIONS) && ! defined(MODVERSIONS)
   #include <linux/modversions.h> /* Will be explained later */
   #define MODVERSIONS
#endif        
#include <linux/kernel.h>  /* We're doing kernel work */
#include <linux/module.h>  /* Specifically, a module  */
#define __NO_VERSION__     /* It's not THE file of the kernel module */
#include <linux/version.h> /* Not included by module.h because of
	                                      __NO_VERSION__ */
	
void cleanup_module()
{
   printk("<1>Short is the life of a kernel module\n");
}
			

CC=gcc
MODCFLAGS := -O -Wall -DMODULE -D__KERNEL__
hello.o:    start.o stop.o
	ld -m elf_i386 -r -o hello.o start.o stop.o

start.o: start.c
	${CC} ${MODCFLAGS} -c start.c

stop.o: stop.c
	${CC} ${MODCFLAGS} -c stop.c